What is a key characteristic of the arid climate that contributes to desertification?

The key characteristic of an arid climate that contributes to desertification is low water availability. In arid regions, the amount of precipitation is significantly below the level needed to sustain most plant life and maintain healthy ecosystems. Limited water resources lead to reduced soil moisture, making it difficult for vegetation to thrive. As plants die off due to lack of water, the soil becomes more susceptible to erosion and degradation.

This process can create a feedback loop; less vegetation means less organic matter to protect the soil, leading to further erosion and loss of fertile soil. Over time, this cycle exacerbates desertification, where previously productive land transforms into unusable desert.

In contrast, excessive rainfall, high vegetation, and rich soil are not characteristics of arid climates but are instead associated with more humid environments that support sustainable ecosystems.