What is a scientific fact?

A scientific fact is defined as a direct and repeatable observation of any aspect of the natural world. This aligns with the nature of science, which is based on empirical evidence that can be observed and measured. Facts in science arise from consistent observations that can be replicated by others, thus providing a foundational basis for further inquiry and hypothesis testing.

In the scientific method, facts are essential because they provide the data that guide researchers in developing hypotheses and theories. For instance, the observation that water boils at 100 degrees Celsius at standard atmospheric pressure is a scientific fact; it can be repeatedly observed and measured under controlled conditions. This reliability is crucial for building knowledge and understanding the natural world.

Other options refer to different components of the scientific process. A proposed explanation for observations is typically a hypothesis. A testable prediction about the relationship between variables describes a specific forecast that can be validated through experimentation. Lastly, a statement that is universally accepted without proof does not fit the scientific criterion, as scientific facts must be derived from evidence and are subject to change with new findings.