What is the relationship between DNA fragments and gel electrophoresis?

The correct answer highlights the fundamental principle of gel electrophoresis, which is a technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size. In this process, DNA samples are loaded into a gel matrix and an electrical current is applied. The negatively charged DNA molecules move towards the positive electrode. Smaller fragments migrate more quickly through the gel than larger ones, creating a separation based on size.

Understanding how gel electrophoresis works is crucial for various applications in molecular biology, including analyzing genetic variation, purifying DNA fragments for cloning, and verifying the success of DNA manipulations. The technique allows researchers to visualize DNA fragments as distinct bands, facilitating further analysis or comparison between samples. This relationship between DNA fragments and the mechanism of gel electrophoresis is foundational in genetics and biotechnology research.