Which term is associated with analyzing the genetic similarities and differences among species at the molecular level?

The term that refers to analyzing genetic similarities and differences among species at the molecular level is molecular biology. Molecular biology focuses on understanding the structure, function, and interactions of the various cellular molecules that contribute to the processes of life. This field encompasses the study of DNA, RNA, proteins, and the biochemical mechanisms that underlie genetic expression and heredity.

In molecular biology, researchers use various techniques, such as DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), to assess genetic variations and relationships among different organisms, which directly relate to their evolutionary processes.

While comparative genetics, evolutionary biology, and biochemical analysis all involve genetics in some capacity, they do not specifically target the analysis of genetic material at the molecular level in the same way that molecular biology does. Comparative genetics often looks at genetic traits across different species, evolutionary biology focuses on the broader evolutionary relationships and trends over time, and biochemical analysis pertains more to the study of the chemical substances and processes within living organisms, rather than a focused analysis of genetic material itself.