Which two scientists described the structure of DNA in 1953?

The correct answer is rooted in the historical significance of the discovery of the DNA double helix structure. Francis Crick and James Watson, in 1953, proposed the model that illustrated how DNA is arranged as a double helix, a structure that allows for the replication and transmission of genetic information. Their work built upon previous research, including the contributions of Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction images, which provided crucial evidence for the helical structure of DNA. The elucidation of DNA's structure was a pivotal moment in biological sciences, laying the foundation for the modern understanding of genetics, molecular biology, and the mechanisms of heredity.

In contrast, the other scientist pairings listed do not pertain to the discovery of DNA's structure. Gregor Mendel's work primarily focused on the laws of inheritance in pea plants, while Stanley Miller and Harold Urey are known for their experiments on the origin of life rather than DNA itself. Lastly, Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and Thomas Morgan's genetic studies significantly contributed to biology but were not related to DNA's structure.