Which type of biomolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Nucleic acids are the biomolecules responsible for storing genetic information. These molecules, primarily DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), function as the carriers of the genetic blueprint necessary for the growth, development, and functioning of all living organisms.

DNA, in particular, encodes the instructions needed for the synthesis of proteins and is organized into genes. Each gene dictates the sequence of amino acids that make up proteins, linking the genetic code to the phenotype of an organism. Furthermore, during processes such as transcription and translation, RNA plays a crucial role in facilitating the expression of these genes.

The roles of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids differ significantly from that of nucleic acids. Proteins are primarily involved in catalysis (as enzymes), structural support, and regulation of biological processes. Carbohydrates serve as energy sources and structural components of cells, while lipids function in energy storage and form cell membranes. Therefore, nucleic acids are uniquely positioned as the primary storage molecules for genetic information.